HW 15

1. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor brought America into World War II and gave Japan control of the Pacific. Also, when America declared war on Japan, Germany declared war on America.
2. Midway Island saw a major naval battle between America and Japan in 1942. This battle exhibited a number of naval tactics as well as the use of aircraft carriers. It also showed how codes could be broken and used against those who created them. The American victory resulted in the destruction of much of Japan's navy, allowing the Allies to take back the Pacific.
3. The Allied victory at El Alamein in 1942 kept Germany out of Egypt and the Suez Canal, pushing it out of North Africa. It also prevented the Axis forces in Ukraine and the Middle East from joining, strengthening the grip of the Allies in that area.
4. The Russian victory at Stalingrad (1942-1943) stopped Germany's plans for the rest of its invasion of Russia and destroyed much of the Nazis' ideology, greatly boosting Russian morale, encouraging them to take back more territory, such as the city of Leningrad.
5. If Britain had continued to lose ships at such a high rate due to U-boats in the Battle of the Atlantic (1942-1943), it may not have been able to stay in the war.
6. The Allied bombing of German and Japanese cities caused large numbers of civilian casualties and made production difficult for the Axis. It also drew German aircraft away from the East, making it easier for Russia to invade Germany.

A.

• Second front: The war in the east, as opposed to the war in Europe.
• Area bombing: The tactic of bombing everything in a target area.
• The Allies: Countries that opposed the Axis. Included Britain, France, the United States, Russia, Australia, and Canada.
• Operation Torch: The British and American invasion of Morocco and Algeria.

B.

• Similar: It was likely hot and uncomfortable in both places. Both battles were Allied attacks on the Axis forces. Both battles involved brutal fighting.
  
• Different: El Alamein was in Egypt, where it was probably dry and flat, while New Guinea was probably humid and mountainous. Fighting in New Guinea probably involved a lot of guerrilla warfare, while the Battle of El Alamein was largely based around tanks.