HW 1 - upDATEd (I put dates in)

Long Term Causes:

1. Foreign Influence on China- Political, Economic, Religious- In the 1800s and early 1900s, European nations established "spheres of influence" in China, meaning that many areas were heavily influenced by the Western world. Countries like Britain controlled many businesses and began to spread Western religious ideas.
   
2. Rise of Chinese Nationalism- Social, Ideological, Religious- Many Chinese people resisted the influence of foreign nations, believing that China should remain purely Chinese and keep its independence. This led to movements like the Boxer Rebellion in 1900
   
3. Downfall of the Manchu dynasty- Social, Political- The Manchus were seen as being too weak to effectively run China, letting it get overrun by Europeans. The Boxer-Rebellion and other anti-Manchu movements eventually caused a change in power in 1912.

Short Term Causes:

1. May Fourth Movement- Political, Economic- After World War I, China hoped that it would be given back the port of Kiaochow, which had been taken by Germany and then Japan. When China did not regain this territory after the war in the year 1919, its people protested. Reaction to Treaty of Versailles (China didn't like it.) Protests included boycotts against Japanese goods, which likely increased tension between China and Japan leading up to WWII.
   
2. Russian Revolution- Political, Social, Ideological- The Russian Revolution in 1917 helped to start the spread of communism, a social idea that quickly reached China, dividing the Chinese people ideologically
   
3. The New Tide- Political, Social, Ideological- A social movement focused on freedom, modernity, equal rights, and the elimination of old-fashioned ideas. Started in 1916.
4. March to the North- 1926,
5. Poverty in China- China had economic difficulty in 1911, due to nation-wide harvest failures, increased taxes (to support the New Army), the creation of railways, and the use of foreign loans and technical assistance. Helped cause the 1911 Revolution.
   
6. Chinese Communist Party- Started in 1921
7. Fascism- Chaing Kaishek, 1923