In Class Assignment 3

Source Analysis:

A. The document does reflect Wilson's belief in "peace without victory," quoting his statement which said that the peace settlement for WWI must be "justice that plays no favorites." However, the document also reflects how Wilson changed his mind by the end of the war, when he "demanded that Germany be punished."

B. Britain's aims were much less vengeful than those of France, being focused mostly on achieving peace rather than on punishing Germany. While France made demands to divide Germany further than it already had been, Britain disagreed, thinking that making extreme decisions in a peace settlement might simply lead to another war.

C. 1. France primarily wanted revenge and compensation for its losses during the war, and assurance that a similar war would never happen again.
C. 2. France thought that the best way to achieve its goals was to cripple Germany as much as possible. To do this, France wanted to limit Germany's military and to make sure that it stayed away from France's border. It also wanted to take away most of Germany's wealth.

D. 1. Japan and Italy wanted to maximize their war-time gains, mostly in terms of territory. For example, Italy wanted the port of Fiume, while Japan wanted to keep the territories it gained in China.
D.2. Countries such as the USA, China, and Britain would oppose these claims.